Africa’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic: A review of the nature of the virus, impacts and implications for preparedness
Kingsley Badu,Jessica P.R. Thorn,Nowsheen Goonoo,Natisha Dukhi,Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe,Benard W. Kulohoma,Kolapo Oyebola,Sara I. Abdelsalam,Wesley Doorsamy,Olawale Awe,Augustina Angelina Sylverken,Anthony Egeru,Jesse Gitaka
As the world continues to experience climatic and ecosystem changes and increased human migration, there has been a surge of novel and re-emerging pathogens. Over the past three decades, up to 30 new human pathogens have been detected, 75% of which have animal origin (. COVID-19 triggers respiratory difficulties for which the SA....
A cross-sectional observational study investigating the association between sedges (swamp grasses, Cyperaceae) and the prevalence of immature malaria vectors in aquatic habitats along the shore of Lake Victoria, western Kenya
Getachew E. Bokore,Paul Ouma,Patrick O. Onyango,Tullu Bukhari,Ulrike Fillinger
Malaria, despite increased control efforts, is still among the leading human diseases in Africa. In 2018, 213 million people were infected and 380,000 died. With growing physiological and behavioural resistance of malaria vectors to insecticides. Malaria vector mosquitoes lay their eggs in standing water and grass-like (graminoi....
Impact of COVID-19 on utilization of maternal, newborn and child health services in Nigeria: protocol for a country-level mixed-methods study
Godwin Akaba,Osasuyi Dirisu,Kehinde Okunade,Eseoghene Adams,Jane Ohioghame,Obioma Obikeze,Emmanuel Izuka,Maryam Sulieman,Michael Edeh
The Sustainable Development Goals agenda is part of the global efforts to improve maternal, new-born and child health (MNCH) by challenging countries to make efforts to reduce the global burden of maternal, new-born and child mortality. In Nigeria, MNCH outcomes have improved over the last decade. However, these outcomes are sti....
Autism seminary for public engagement: evaluation of knowledge and attitudes of traditional medical practitioners in Mali
Modibo Sangare,Bakary Dembele,Amadou Toure,Seidina Diakite,Gordon Awandare,Modibo Kouyate,Seydou Doumbia,Mahamadou Diakite,Arouna Togora,Souleymane Coulibaly,Housseini Dolo
Despite autism spectrum disorders (ASD) being ubiquitous in Africa (. Combining herbal medicines with conventional treatment seem to have a positive effect on the treatment of ASD in children (n
Trends in fertility preference implementation among selected Eastern African countries
Vincent Otieno,Alfred Agwanda Otieno,Anne Khasakhala
Over the last decade, there has been considerable debate among scholars on fertility transition in Africa. Two conclusions emerge: slow pace of decline (. Despite these conclusions, there are also emergent exceptions, such as Rwanda, Ethiopia, Malawi (. Kenyan fertility began to rapidly decline in the 1980s, followed by a stall....
A predictive model for daily cumulative COVID-19 cases in Ghana
Abdul-Karim Iddrisu,Emmanuel A. Amikiya,Dominic Otoo
Three months after the emergence of the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in China, about 118,000 confirmed cases and 4,291 associated deaths were reported globally. The disease spread so rapidly that in less than half a year, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared it a global pandemic.. However, various governments, health stakeho....
Children and adolescents on anti-retroviral therapy in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe: How many are virally suppressed by month six?
Silungile Moyo,Ronald Thulani Ncube,Hemant Deepak Shewade,Solwayo Ngwenya,Wedu Ndebele,Kudakwashe Collin Takarinda,Janet Dzangare,Tafadzwa Priscilla Goverwa-Sibanda,Tsitsi Apollo
In 2014, the Joint United Nations Programme HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) announced ambitious new global 90-90-90 fast-track HIV targets for 2020. Zimbabwe is disproportionately affected by HIV. In 2017, 1.4 million people were living with HIV, with 5.8% being children 0–14 yearsn
Molecular characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from Sudanese patients: A cross-sectional study
Reem H. Amoon,Amna H. Abdallha,Ahmed Osman Sharif,Ehssan H. Moglad,Hisham N. Altyb,Salaheldein G. Elzaki,Mohamed A. Salih
is a gram-negative bacterium that is found widely in the environment and engages in various forms of interactions with eukaryotic host organisms. It is an opportunistic pathogen that is widely spread in humans, giving rise to a broad spectrum of infections in community and healthcare facilities. Sequencing of 16S rRNA worldwide....
Policy makers, regulators and researchers’ perspectives on genomics research and the capacity of the National Health Research Act of 2013 to regulate genomics research in Zambia
Oliver Mweemba,John Musuku,Tulani Francis L. Matenga,Michael Parker,Rwamahe Rutakumwa,Janet Seeley,Twambo Simanga,Paulina Tindana,Jantina de Vries
Health research in sub-Saharan Africa takes place against a lengthy history of exploitation and unfair collaboration. Characterizing this trend is a history of export of samples and data from the continent for the benefit of institutions and researchers elsewhere (. As the birthplace of modern humans and the home of the greatest....
Career development for infection and immunity research in Uganda: a decade of experience from the Makerere University – Uganda Virus Research Institute research and training programme
Damalie Nakanjako,Flavia Zalwango,Pamela Wairagala,Fiona Luboga,Irene Andia Biraro,Victoria Diana Bukirwa,Mary Gorrethy Mboowa,Steve Cose,Janet Seeley,Alison Elliott
From its inception in 2008 as a training programme, and transition in 2016 to a Centre of Excellence, the Makerere University/Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI) Centre of Excellence for Infection & Immunity Research and Training (MUII) has earned a reputation for building Ugandan capacity in infection and immunity (I&I) rese....
Continuous research monitoring improves the quality of research conduct and compliance among research trainees: internal evaluation of a monitoring programme
Mirriam Akello,Sarah Coutinho,Mary Gorrethy N-Mboowa,Victoria D Bukirwa,Agnes Natukunda,Lawrence Lubyayi,Grace Nabakooza,Stephen Cose,Alison M. Elliott
Research site monitoring (RSM) is a systematic process that involves the close supervision of an investigator to ensure that all research activities are implemented according to the approved study protocols and good clinical practice (GCP).. All studies that involve humans subjects must be reviewed ethically and scientifically b....
Kenya’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic: a balance between minimising morbidity and adverse economic impact
Edwin N. Wangari,Peter Gichuki,Angelyne A. Abuor,Jacqueline Wambui,Stephen O. Okeyo,Henry T.N. Oyatsi,Shadrack Odikara,Benard W. Kulohoma
The views expressed in this article are those of the authors. Publication in AAS Open Research does not imply endorsement by the AAS.. The world is experiencing a significant public health threat due to the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic overshadows recent outbreaks of severe acute res....
The nexus between improved water supply and water-borne diseases in urban areas in Africa: a scoping review
Nyamai Mutono,Jim A Wright,Henry Mutembei,Josphat Muema,Mair L.H Thomas,Mumbua Mutunga,Samuel Mwangi Thumbi
The sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has experienced the highest annual urban population growth rate (more than 3.5%) in the world. Globally, it is estimated that one in every two people will be living in water stressed areas by 2025 increasing the challenge of water supply. More than half a million deaths in SSA have been attributed to....
Community-networks that facilitate engagement in health research: Ifakara Health Research Institute-Bagamoyo case study
Leah Bategereza,Ally Olotu,Dorcas Kamuya
Involvement of communities in the field of health research has been at the forefront of what is considered as ethical conduct of research. A commonly used approach is regular meetings with locally recognized community leaders to consult about research activities, i.e. community engagement. At the Ifakara Health Research Institu....
Community engagement in Genomics research; Challenges and lessons learnt in the AWI-Gen study at Dikgale Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) Site, South Africa
Felistas Mashinya,Marianne Alberts,Reneilwe G. Mashaba,Paulina O. Tindana
The views expressed in this article are those of the author(s). Publication in AAS Open Research does not imply endorsement by the AAS.
Behavioral response of the small hive beetle, Aethina tumida (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) to volatiles of Apicure®, a plant-based extract
Ednah Komen,Lucy K. Murungi,Janet Irungu
Biological invasions pose a global threat to both food security and natural ecosystems. Intra-colony destruction has been accredited to the feeding behavior of adult and larval beetles. Previous studies have also reported potential alternative hosts for the SHB such as stingless bee colonies. To date, several studies on non-chem....
Cancer in Kenya: types and infection-attributable. Data from the adult population of two National referral hospitals (2008-2012)
Lucy Wanjiku Macharia,Marianne Wanjiru Mureithi,Omu Anzala
Cancer in Africa is an emerging health problem where about 847,000 new cancer cases and 591,000 deaths occurred in 2012, with about three quarters of these occurring in the sub-Saharan region. Nearly 31% of the total cancer burden in sub-Saharan Africa is attributable to infections. Information on the burden of cancer and especi....
Use of a mutation-specific genotyping method to assess for HIV-1 drug resistance in antiretroviral-naïve HIV-1 Subtype C-infected patients in Botswana
Dorcas Maruapula,Iain J. MacLeod,Sikhulile Moyo,Rosemary Musonda,Kaelo Seatla,Kesaobaka Molebatsi,Melvin Leteane,Max Essex,Simani Gaseitsiwe,Christopher F. Rowley
HIV remains a major global health problem; currently, 37.9 million adults and children are estimated to be living with HIV with sub-Saharan Africa being the most severely affected region. Although first generation NNRTIs, Nevirapine(NVP) and Efavirenz(EFV) have been replaced by DTG as part of the first line cART regimen, presen....
Identification of human African Trypanosomiasis foci using school-going children in post-conflict era in Nwoya District, Northern Uganda: A cross-sectional study
Kenneth Luryama Moi,James Henry Obol,Denis Anywar Arony
Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) commonly known as sleeping sickness is still active in over 30 sub-Saharan African countries. Uganda is the only country that harbours both species. In Northern Uganda, HAT was the main cause of relocations, a policy of compulsory evacuation of the natives from the affected areas. Over two dec....
Community engagement and feedback of results in the H3Africa AWI-Gen project: Experiences from the Navrongo Demographic and Health Surveillance site in Northern Ghana
Godfred Agongo,Cornelius Debpuur,Lucas Amenga-Etego,Engelbert A. Nonterah,Michael B. Kaburise,Abraham Oduro,Michele Ramsay,Paulina Tindana
The views expressed in this article are those of the author(s). Publication in AAS Open Research does not imply endorsement by the AAS.
Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modelling of infant exposure to efavirenz through breastfeeding
Adeniyi Olagunju,Rajith K. R. Rajoli,Shakir A. Atoyebi,Saye Khoo,Andrew Owen,Marco Siccardi
The re-enactment of The. However, paediatric drug exposure is not limited to those administered for specific paediatric indications. More than 90% of nursing mothers take at least one drug in the early postnatal period, 17% up to 4 months after delivery, and 5% receive drugs for chronic conditions.. Physiologically based pharmac....
The state of cancer in Meru, Kenya: a retrospective study
Francis Kobia,Jesse Gitaka,Francis Makokha,Moses Kamita,Joshua Kibera,Cynthia Mwenda,Gladys Mucee,Bactrin Kilingo
Accounting for over 70% of all global deaths annually, non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cancer, are the world’s leading cause of mortality. Comprehensive data on cancer incidence and mortality is sparse in most African countries. Cancer incidence data provided by the World Health Organization’s (WHO) International Age....
Microbiological assessment of sachet water “pure water” from five regions in Ghana
Lydia Mosi,Samuel Mawuli Adadey,Sandra Akoley Sowah,Charles Yeboah
Ghana Water Company Limited (GWCL). Most Probable Number (MPN). Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP)
Common Equipment Problems (anaesthesia)
Rich Kaye
0.5 Hours
This session highlights some common equipment problems and ways to prevent and deal with them.
The Worried Child
Eleanor Leigh
This session describes childhood anxiety and worry and discusses how to react to them.