The effect of triple antibiotic paste as an intracanal medication with an anti-inflammatory drug on post-operative pain of asymptomatic uniradicular necrotic teeth: a double blind randomized clinical trial
Mohamed Omaia,Maged Negm,Yousra Nashaat,Nehal Nabil,Amal Othman
The severity and incidence of post-operative pain are usually associated with specific dental treatments; the highest of which is root canal therapy. Post-operative pain is a common finding after endodontic treatment, its incidence ranges from 3% to 58%. It may be due to microbial, mechanical or chemical injury to the periapical....
Evaluation of patient satisfaction and shade matching of Vita Suprinity versus lithium disilicate (E-max) ceramic crowns in the esthetic zone: a randomized controlled clinical trial
Sameh Abou-Steit,Jylan ElGuindy,Amina Zaki
In dentistry, accurate and predictable shade matching between natural teeth and restorative materials represents a challenge for clinicians and laboratory technicians. For decades, visual shade matching was most commonly used for the shade selection in the dental clinics as it is easy and does not require expensive equipment. Ho....
Non-communicable diseases in the Western Area District, Sierra Leone, following the Ebola outbreak
Ibrahim Baimba Koroma,Dena Javadi,Katrina Hann,Anthony D. Harries,Francis Smart,Thomas Samba
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading causes of morbidity and account for 70% of worldwide deaths, with the major burden felt in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). tIn 2014–2015, Sierra Leone was hit by a devastating Ebola virus disease outbreak that highlighted the need for resilient health systems. We now hav....
Modeling the trend of reported malaria cases in Kisumu county, Kenya
Elsen Achieng,Vincent Otieno,Joseph Mung'atu
Malaria is among the major killer diseases within tropical regions. Sub-Saharan Africa bears its burden than any other region across the globe. The parasites are spread to humans through bites from infected. According to the world malaria report, anti-malaria progress has slowed down in many parts of the world and it is unlikely....
Case Report: Single visit photo-activated disinfection in regenerative endodontics
Al-Shaimaa Abdel Hafiz Abdel Rahim,Fatma Abdelgawad,Ahmed M. Abd Alsamed,Dalia Mohamed Moheb,Norhan Abdel Wahab El-Dokky
The term regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) has been widely endorsed. This term describes all procedures that aim to achieve organized repair of the dental pulp. Antibiotics appear to be suitable intra-canal medication. Triple antibiotic paste (TAP) consisting of metronidazole, ciprofloxacin and minocycline is considered....
The in vitro direct mycobacterial growth inhibition assay (MGIA) for the early evaluation of TB vaccine candidates and assessment of protective immunity: a protocol for non-human primate cells
Rachel Tanner,Emily Hoogkamer,Julia Bitencourt,Andrew White,Charelle Boot,Claudia C. Sombroek,Stephanie A. Harris,Matthew K. O'Shea,Daniel Wright,Rachel Wittenberg,Charlotte Sarfas,Iman Satti,Frank A.W. Verreck,Sally A. Sharpe,Helen A. Fletcher,Helen McSh
The only currently available approach to early efficacy testing of tuberculosis (TB) vaccine candidates isn
Leptin, insulin like growth factor-I levels and histology-diagnosed placental malaria in an area characterized by unstable malaria transmission in central Sudan
Hagir Elsheikh,Ishag Adam,Elhassan M. Elhassan,Ahmed A. Mohammed,Ammar H. Khamis,Mustafa I. Elbashir
Malaria during pregnancy is a major public health concern, especially in sub-Saharan Africa where there are approximately 125 million pregnant African women living in malaria-endemic regions. Almost one fifth of these pregnant women are at risk of malaria (. The pathogenesis of placental malaria and LBW is not fully understood.....
Group B Streptococcus vaccine development: present status and future considerations, with emphasis on perspectives for low and middle income countries
Miwako Kobayashi,Johan Vekemans,Carol J. Baker,Adam J. Ratner,Kirsty Le Doare,Stephanie J. Schrag
is also known as Lancefield’s group B. Neonatal infections (sepsis and pneumonia) contribute importantly to deaths among children under 5 years of age globally, with the highest rates in low income countries, followed by middle income countries. Among various vaccine candidates, the glycoconjugate vaccines targeting GBS capsular....
Incorporating health workers’ perspectives into a WHO guideline on personal protective equipment developed during an Ebola virus disease outbreak
Saskia Den Boon,Constanza Vallenas,Mauricio Ferri,Susan L. Norris
Health facility transmission is a hallmark of early Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreaks and usually results in infection and death of health workers particularly before the identification of Ebola virus as responsible for the clinical presentation of one or a cluster of patients. The correct use of personal protective equipment....
Gustatory dysfunction in relation to circumvallate papilla’s taste buds structure upon unilateral maxillary molar extraction in Wistar rats: an in vivo study
Sana Mostafa,Heba M. Hakam,Amal El-motayam
Taste is an essential sensation that is mediated via taste buds (TBs) which are specialized neuroepithelial structures distributed predominantly over the dorsal surface of the tongue. The circumvallate papilla (CVP) is a major compartment of the gustatory system in the tongue that harbors more than 500 taste bud openings in its....
Cross sectional study to determine chloroquine resistance among Plasmodium falciparum clinical isolates from Khartoum, Sudan
Walaa Salah Abdulla Mohammed,Kyakonye Yasin,N.S. Mahgoub,Muzamil Mahdi Abdel Hamid
The use of chloroquine in low middle income countries (LMICs) has helped to reduce mortality and morbidity. In 1940, sixteen years after its discovery, Chloroquine had been used as a first drug of choice for malaria treatment due to its high efficacy, especially in highly endemic areas in Africa. Drug resistance of. Chloroquine....
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor and placental malaria infection in an area characterized by unstable malaria transmission in central Sudan
Reem Eltayeb,Naser Bilal,Awad-Elkareem Abass,Elhassan M. Elhassan,Ahmed Mohammed,Ishag Adam
Malaria is a large public health problem in endemic tropical countries where there are over 30 million pregnancies at risk of malaria occur in Africa each year. The sequestration of. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine released from a variety of cells (T cells, monocytes, macrophages, bloo....
Case Report: Stevens-Johnson syndrome following a single double dosing of nevirapine-containing regimen once in an HIV-infected woman on long-term antiretroviral therapy.
Betty Kakande,Thuraya Isaacs,Rudzani Muloiwa,Sipho Dlamini,Rannakoe Lehloenya
Nevirapine (NVP)-based antiretroviral regimens have been used widely in developing countries because of its affordability, availability and efficacy. In larger series, the incubation period before developing features of SJS ranges from 10–240 days with a median duration of around 12 daysn
Interpreting airborne pandemics spreading using fractal kinetics’ principles
Panos Macheras,Athanasios A. Tsekouras,Pavlos Chryssafidis
Recently, Jewell. People worldwide are concerned about the uncontrolled “exponential” spread of a disease, yet it is not clear or justified if this description is correct. In fact, an alternative “power” model based on an adjustable exponent of time has been proposed.n
Pipeline analysis of a vaccine candidate portfolio for diseases of poverty using the Portfolio-To-Impact modelling tool
Alexander Gunn,Shashika Bandara,Gavin Yamey,Flavia D´Alessio,Hilde Depraetere,Sophie Houard,Nicola K Viebig,Stefan Jungbluth
The Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR) recently developed a new modelling tool, called Portfolio-to-Impact (P2I), that allows users to model the impact of different research portfolios. As a financial forecasting tool that estimates the funding needs for pharmaceutical product development, the....
IL-15 enhances cross-reactive antibody recall responses to seasonal H3 influenza viruses in vitro
Junqiong Huang,Shannon P. Hilchey,Jiong Wang,Jessica Gerigan,Martin S. Zand
Worldwide, annual influenza epidemics are estimated to result in about 3 to 5 million cases of severe illness, and about 250,000 to 500,000 deaths. Since jumping species to humans in 1968, H3N2 swine flu viruses have been responsible for several seasonal pandemics, resulting in both prolonged duration of the influenza season and....
Retrospective cohort study monitoring PEG-asparaginase activity in acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients with and without premedication
Michael Losasso,Bruce Bostrom,Yoav Messinger
PEG-L-asparaginase (pegaspargase) is a critical component of therapy for children and adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Its use is hampered by many issues including allergic reactions, silent inactivation, thrombosis, hyperbilirubinemia and pancreatitis. The optimal dose, dose interval and target asparaginase leve....
Prevalence of malaria and quantification of cytokine levels during infection in East Nile locality, Khartoum State: a cross-sectional study
Hwida Barkat,Ahmed Bakheet Abd Alla,Ahmed Galander,Tagwa Salah,Tayseer Elfaki,Ali Nasir
Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease that affects humans and animals. This condition is caused by a protozoan parasite of the genus. Immunity to. The expression of cytokines (pro- and anti-inflammatory) are said to be involved in malaria pathogenesis. Severe malaria has been associated with low serum levels of IL-12 and low IL-10....
Case Report: Concomitant coronary stent and femoral artery thrombosis in the setting of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
Mejdi Ben Messaoud,Mezri Maatouk,Mohamed Mehdi Boussaada,Marouane Mahjoub,Walid Mnari,Habib Gamra
Heparin is a commonly used anticoagulant for hospitalized patients, but its use can lead to devastating complications, such as heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)n
Healthcare providers’ perspective on barriers to optimal HIV index testing: an interview-based study
Cibangu Katamba
Global HIV testing services (HTS) and antiretroviral therapy have seen a substantial scale up. A study conducted in Zambia revealed that index testing coupled with targeted community-led HTS are useful strategies to diagnose men living with HIV. Effective approaches to HIV testing are needed to reach undiagnosed people and link....
Termination of mid-trimester pregnancies: misoprostol versus concurrent weighted Foley catheter and misoprostol
Ayman Shabana,Hesham Salah,Mohamed Kandil,Emad Soliman,Dalia Morsi
The universal prenatal screening programs have lead to an increase in the diagnosis of congenital malformations with subsequent gradual increase in second trimester termination of pregnancy (TOP). Termination in the second trimester is more risky than during the first trimester. Several studies have described the Foley’s cathete....
Upregulation of human β-defensin-3 and cathelicidin LL-37 in Kaposi’s sarcoma
Hanan Fathy,Maha M Amin,Abdel-Hady El-Gilany
Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is a rare disease of lymphatic endothelial cells frequently evident as multiple vascular cutaneous and mucosal nodules. Lymph node and visceral manifestation is seen in cases of strong immunosuppression or aggressive disease. KS is strongly associated with human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8), which is implicated i....
Continuous positive airway pressure plus low flow oxygen versus usual care of severe acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema in the pre-hospital setting: A randomised controlled trial
Michael A. Austin,Karen Wills,David Kilpatrick,E. Haydn Walters
Congestive heart failure occurred in 5.7 million Americans. Invasive ventilation increases the risk of complications, including hospital acquired infection (HAI) (pneumonia, sinusitis) and tracheal injury, and consequently may prolong ICU and hospital stay. Despite the potential advantages of CPAP for the management of severe AC....
Cost analysis of outpatient services for major external structural birth defects: An ingredient approach in selected hospitals in Kiambu County, Kenya
George N. Agot,Joseph K. Wang'ombe,Marshal M. Mweu
Major external structural birth defects (MESBDs) are defined as physical abnormalities of intrauterine origin present from birth, detectable visually, and having significant health and development impacts. MESBDs continue to occur exerting an enormous economic burden on individuals and health services in developing countries; ho....
Case Report: Clinical manifestation and dental management of Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome
Yasmin Mohamed Yousry,Amr Ezzat Abd EL-Latif,Randa Youssef Abd El-Gawad
Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) is an autosomal recessive disorder that typically becomes apparent from one to five years of age, which coincides with the timing of eruption of primary dentition. The estimated prevalence of the syndrome is 1–4 cases per million individuals. The exact etiopathogenesis of the syndrome is relativel....